Adamson, H.D. "Prototype Schemas, Variation Theory,
and the Structural Syllabus." IRAL: International Review
of
Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 28.1 (1990):
1-24.
[Full Text in Academic Search Elite ]
Alcon, Eva. ‘Input and Input Processing in Second
Language
Acquisition." IRAL: International Review of Applied
Linguistics
in Language Teaching. 36.4 (1998): 343-63.
[FT in ASE]
Extract: "his paper aims to analyze learners' processing of the linguistic
data of the
target language which they are exposed to. In order to achieve our
aim the terms input and
intake are examined as well as the factors and cognitive processes that
potentially affect input processing."
Apelt, Walter, and Heike Koernig. "Affectivity in
the Teaching
of Foreign Languages." European Education 29.2 (1997):
29-47.
Abstract: Focuses on the effectivity of the methods of teaching foreign
languages. Two poles of linguistic action; Reasons why the recognition of the
omnipresence of emotions
in communication was not deal with sufficiently; Humanistic method
as an alternative method in
teaching foreign language; Why positive emotions are important language
learning incentives.
Baker, William J. "An 'Information Structure' View of Language." In Story-Scientia. Experimental Linguistics: Integration of Theories and Applications. Ed. Gary D. Prideaux et al. Ghent, 1980. pp. 293-307.
Barry, Bradford A. "Writer Motivation: Beyond the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Dichotomy Source." Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning: JAEPL. 5 (1999-2000):25-36.
Bavelas, Janet Beavin, and Nicole Chovil. "Visible
Acts of Meaning."
Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 19.2
(2000): 163-95.
Abstract: The authors propose that dialogue in face-to-face interaction
is both audible and visible;
language use in this setting includes visible acts of meaning such
as facial displays and hand gestures. Several criteria distinguish these
from other nonverbal acts: (a) They are sensitive to a sender, receiver
relationship in that they are less likely to occur when an addressee will
not see them, (b) they are analogically encoded symbols, (c) their meaning
can be explicated or demonstrated in context, and (d) they are fully integrated
with the accompanying words, although they may be redundant or nonredundant
with these words. For these particular acts, the authors eschew the term
nonverbal communication because it is a negative definition based solely
on physical source. Instead, they propose an integrated message model in
which the moment-by-moment audible and visible communicative acts are treated
as a unified whole. [FPI in ASE]
Beaufort, Anne. "Learning the Trade: A Social Apprenticeship
Model for Gaining Writing Expertise." Written Communication
17.2 (2000):185-224. [FPI in ASE]
Extract: Taking a social constructionist point of view and drawing
on the work in cognitive
psychology on situated cognition and expert performances, this study
reports on a segment
of an ethnography of writing in a workplace setting that reveals the
interconnections of discourse
community goals, writers' roles, and the socialization process for
writers new to a given discourse
community. Specifically, the data reveal 15 different writing roles
assumed by members of the
discourse community that depict a continuum from novice to expert writing
behaviors. Writing
roles were defined in relation to both the importance to community
goals of the text to be written
and to the amount of context-specific writing knowledge required to
accomplish the task. The
study applies the notion of legitimate peripheral participation in
a discourse community and creates
a framework for conceptualizing a social apprenticeship in writing
either in school or nonschool settings.
Danesi, Marcel. "The Neuroscientific Perspective
in Second Language Acquisition Research: A Critical Synopsis. IRAL:
International Review
of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. 32.3
(1994): 201-29. [FT in ASE]
Abstract: Focuses on the neuroscientific studies of language. Historical
synopsis of neuroscientific theories of language; Primary versus secondary language acquisition
issue; Critical period hypothesis; Role of the right hemisphere.
Green, David W. "Psycholinguistics: Cognitive Aspects of Human Communication." In Cognitive Psychology: New Directions. Ed. Guy Claxton. Boston: Routledge. 1980. pp. 236-74.
Grotjahn, Rudiger, and Andrew Cohen (comment). "Test Validation and Cognitive Psychology: Some Methodological Considerations." Language Testing. 3.2 (1986): 159-187.
Beer, Francis. Memetic Meanings." Journal
of Memetics - Evolutionary
Models of Information Transmission. (1999): a-5.
[FT in ASE]
Abstract. Rose (<A HREF="#Rose98">1998) raises a number of
important issues for the developing area of memetics. These include the ambiguous definition
of central terms like'meme', memetics' use of central analogies and metaphors from genetics,
and the role of philosophical concepts like 'self' and 'mind' in memetics. All these
can be considered as issues of meaning.
Gadenne, Volker. "Zuruck zum Behaviorismus? Ein Kommentar zu Theodor Icklers Kritik an der mentalistischen Psychologie." Sprache & Kognition 13.2 (1994): 113-17.
Harris, Richard Jackson. "Cognitive Psychology and Applied Linguistics: A Timely Rapprochement." Cadernos de Linguistica e Teoria Da Literatura. 7 (1982):153-164.
Harris, Catherine. "Connectionism and Cognitive
Linguistics." Connection Science 2.5 (1990): 27-40. [FT in ASE]
Abstract: Cognitive linguists hypothesize that language is the product
of general cognitive abilities.
Semantic and functional motivations are sought for grammatical patterns,
sentence meaning is viewed as the result of constraint satisfaction, and
highly regular linguistic patterns are thought to be mediated by the same
processes as irregular patterns. In this paper, recent cognitive linguistics
arguments emphasizing the schematicity continuum, the non-autonomy of syntax,
and the non-compositionality of semantics are presented and their amenability
to connectionist modeling described. Some of the conceptual matches between
cognitive linguistics and connectionism are then illustrated by a back-propagation
model of the diverse meanings of the preposition over. The pattern set
consisted of a distribution of form-meaning pairs that was meant to be
evocative of English usage in that the regularities implicit in the distribution
spanned the spectrum from rules to partial regularities to exceptions.
Under pressure to encode these regularities with limited resources, the
network used one hidden layer to recode the inputs into a set of abstract
properties. The properties discovered by the network correspond closely
to semantic features that linguists have proposed when giving an account
of the meaning of over.
Hawson, Anne. A Neuroscientific Perspective on Second-Language Learning and Academic Achievement. Bilingual Review 21.2 (1996): 101-23. [FT in ASE]
Heil, John. "Does Cognitive Psychology Rest on a Mistake?" Mind 90.359 (1981): 321-342. 1981.
Johnson, Mark. "Conceptual Metaphor and Embodied
Structures
of Meaning: A Reply to Kennedy and Vervaeke." Philosophical
Psychology 6.4 (1993): 413-23. [FT in ASE]
Abstract: J. M. Kennedy and J. Vervaeke argue that my view of
the bodily, and imaginative basis of meaning commits me to a mistaken reductionism
and to the erroneous view
that metaphors actually impose structure on the target domain. I explain
the sense in which image
schemas are central to the bodily grounding of meaning, although in
a way that is not reductionistic. I then show now conceptual metaphors can involve pre-existing image-schematic
structure and yet
can also be partially constitutive of the conceptual structure of the
target domain. In this way human conceptual systems can be both rooted
in patterns of our bodily interactions and at the same time can be subject
to various kinds of imaginative development and extension.
Knowles, Jonathan. "Knowledge of Grammar as a Propositional
Attitude." Philosophical Psychology. 13.3.(2000): 325-54. [FPI
in ASE]
Abstract: Noam Chomsky claims that we know the grammatical principles
of our languages in pretty much the same sense that we know ordinary things about the world
(e.g. facts), a view
about linguistic knowledge that I term "cognitivism". In much recent
philosophy of linguistics (including that sympathetic to Chomsky's general approach to language),
cognitivism has been rejected in favour of an account of grammatical competence as some
or other form of mental mechanism, describable at various levels of abstraction ("non-cognitivism").
I argue for cognitivism
and against non-cognitivism. First, I show that
the distinction between competence and performance
in current linguistics
is as clearly made as ever it was, in spite of recent interest in linguistic
processing
modules. Second, I use these facts about the practice of theoretical
linguistics to refute various
proposals for a non-cognitivist construal
of grammatical competence, and to support cognitivism by
reflecting on
the inapplicability of a multi-level account of linguistic competence. Cognitivism is then
defended against several objections centering around
the problems of rational integration and
conceptualization of grammatical
knowledge. Finally, the conception of competence argued for in
relation
to linguistics is placed in the larger context of cognitive science research
and its implications
for philosophy of mind.
Kornienko, Elena. "Foreign Text Perception and Comprehension." IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching.
38.4 (2000): 331-44. [FT in ASE]
Abstract: This article presents an interdisciplinary study of text comprehension.
It combines insights
from literary studies and cognitive science. An effort is made to show
how psychological theories,
methods of discourse comprehension and second language acquisition
can be usefully combined.
Preliminary theoretically motivated assumption is that cultural factors
influence the comprehension
process but the role of textual factors is not denied. The paper examines
text comprehension from
both theoretical and applied points of view. It focuses on the role
of cultural factors that might affect a second-language learner's understanding
of foreign texts.
Krug, Manfred. "String Frequency: A Cognitive Motivating
Factor in Coalescence, Language Processing, and Linguistic Change."
Journal
of English Linguistics. 26.4 (1998): 286-222.
Abstract: Discusses the coalescence or contractions in present-day English
and presents evidence in favor of the Frequency Factor. General tendencies
found in previous descriptive studies; Critics and the nature of their
hosts; Frequency constraints; Trade-off between the speaker's and the hearer's
economy; Empirical support for Frequency Factor; Implications for linguistic
theory. [FT in ASE]
Lee, David. "A Tour Through Through."
Journal of English Linguistics.
26.4 (1998): 333-52. [FT in ASE]
Abstract: Provides a motivated account of the range of meanings associated
with the use of the reposition `through,' using the theoretical framework
of cognitive linguistics. Orientational metaphors; Frames; Radial categories;
Plasticity of meanings; Impact on landmark; Achievement; Landmark as instrument;
Causatives and resultatives; Basic temporal uses; Landmark as ordeals;
Survival.
MacLennan, Carol H.G. "Metaphors and Prototypes
in the Learning and Teaching of Grammar and Vocabulary." IRAL: International
Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. 32.2 (1994):
97-111. [FT in ASE]
Abstract: Grammar and vocabulary are essential components of all
language courses yet they are
difficult to teach and time consuming to learn. This paper discusses
the metaphoric and prototypical aspects of prepositions, adjectives and
other word forms and considers how these may contribute to improved grammar
and vocabulary learning. The central position of metaphor in the structure
of language, its role in the development of new concepts and its cognitive
functions provide associative networks which link phrasal verbs, prepositions
and adjectives on the basis of semantic categories. These could be activated
to simplify and accelerate the learning tasks of ESL/EFL students.
Malak, Janusz. Rev. of A functional View of
English Grammar, by
P. R. Rastal. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press. 1995.
In IRAL:
International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language
Teaching.
35.1 (1997): 79-84. [FT in ASE]
Malt, Barbara C. "From Cognitive Psychology to Cognitive Linguistics and Back Again: The Study of Category Structure." Cognitive Linguistics in the Redwoods: The Expansion of a New Paradigm in Linguistics. Ed. Eugene Casad. Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin, 1996. pp. 147-73.
Oakley, Todd V. "The Human Rhetorical Potential."
Written
Communication. 16.1 (1999): 93-129.
Abstract: Explores the possible grounds for a research program in cognitive
rhetoric that aims to
forge a tight link between the structures of meaning and structures
of brain, body, and world.
Fundamental procedures of human rhetorical potential; Cognitive science
and neuroscience;
Human reasoning in three scenes.
Ogulnick, Karen L. "Introspection as a Method of
Raising Critical
Language Awareness." Journal of Humanistic Counseling,
Education & Development 37.3 (1999): 145-60.
Abstract: This article examines the use of introspection in applied
linguistic research to raise
critical language awareness. The author provides an example of her
diary study to illustrate
the social, cultural, and political processes that underlie language
learning. Implications,
including those for teaching methodology, for humanistically oriented
language educators are discussed.
O'Malley, J. Michael et. al. "Some Applications of Cognitive Theory to Second Language Acquisition." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 9.3 (1987): 287-306.
O’Neill, Robert. Rev. of Humanism in Language Teaching, by Earl W. Stevick (Oxford U P, 1990) and Cognitive Linguistics (Volume 1), Ed. Dirk Geeraerts, Mouton de Gruyter (Berlin), 1990. In Cross Currents. 40.3 (1990): 229-34. [FT in ASE]
Painter, Clare. The Development of Language as a Resource for Thinking: A Linguistic View of Learning. Literacy in Society. Ed. Ruqaiya Hasan and Geof Williams. London, England: Longman, 1996.
Toddman, John, and David Rankin. "The Use of Stored
Text in Computer-Aided Conversation." Journal of
Language
& Social Psychology. 18.3 (1999): 287-310. [FPI
in ASE]
Abstract: Augmentative communication (AC) systems with synthesized speech
output have
been developed for nonspeaking people. Most AC devices that aim to
support social conversation have been designed to help the user generate novel utterances as quickly
as possible. However,
they remain too slow to support effective, real-time conversation.
Preconstructed phrases have been shown capable of supporting socially effective conversations with
a succession of new
partners when the phrases are stored within a structure that models
pragmatic aspects of natural
conversation. The extent to which prestored text can be effective in
repeated conversations with the same person, where most phrases are not reusable, was investigated
in a single-case experimental design. Results indicated that the AC user's
conversational rate with a repeat partner was faster, without any accompanying
loss of social effectiveness. Furthermore, the user did not need to resort
to on-line entry of text more frequently with the repeat partner than with
new partners. Implications for the design of AC systems and for the understanding
of the pragmatics of
conversation are discussed.
Young, Richard, and Kyle Perkins. "Cognition and
Conation in Second
language Acquisition Theory. IRAL: International
Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. 33.2 (1995):
142-65. [FT in ASE]
Abstract: This paper attempts to integrate several different theories
of the second language
learning process into a general theory of the human learner. The general
theory, which we
call the cognitive/conative model, has been developed in the field
of instructional psychology and educational measurement by Snow (1990) and Mislevy (1993). It recognizes
five types of mental construct: conceptual structures, procedural skills, learning
strategies, self-regulatory
functions, and motivational orientations. Learning in the model is
defined as a change in one
or more of these constructs, each of which may be characterized by
an initial state, a desired
end state, and learning-development transitions between the two. The
cognitive/conative model effectively explains individual differences among second language learning
processes. It also
suggests an architectural view of second language proficiency in which
advanced learners do
not simply have more of what beginners lack but rather the factors
underlying the linguistic
performance of beginners and advanced learners are different and interact
in different way.